Experimental development of a lake spray source function and its model implementation for Great Lakes surface emissions

Abstract. Lake spray aerosols (LSAs) are generated from freshwater breaking waves in a mechanism similar to their saltwater counterparts, sea (SSAs). Unlike the well-established research field pertaining SSAs, studying LSAs is an emerging topic due potential impacts on regional cloud processes and association with aerosolization of pathogens. A better understanding these climatic public health requires inclusion LSA emission atmospheric models, yet major hurdle this lack lake source function (LSSF), namely parameterization. Here, we develop LSSF based measurements foam area corresponding flux marine aerosol reference tank (MART). (SSSF) also developed for comparison. The SSSF then implemented Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model simulate particle emissions Great Lakes surface 10 30 November 2016. Measurements MART revealed that average SSA total number concentration was 8 times higher than LSA. Over 0.01–10 µm diameter size range, around 1 order magnitude lower 2 orders diameters between 3 µm. Model results can reach ∼105 m−2 s−1 during episodic event high wind speeds. These only increased concentrations region by up 1.65 %, impact coarse-mode much more significant, 19-fold increase some areas. loading mostly near region, particles were transported 1000 km inland. Above lakes, reached layer, where % 98 respectively. Overall, study helps quantify its layer.